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What are the main product characteristics of ceramic chip capacitors

Ceramic chip capacitor is made of high dielectric constant capacitor ceramic barium titanate and titanium oxide extruded into a circular tube, disk or disk as the medium, and silver plated on the ceramic as the electrode by sintering infiltration method. It is divided into high-frequency ceramic capacitor and low-frequency ceramic capacitor.   80% of the capacitors produced in the world are ceramic chip capacitors. About 300-400 capacitors are required for a mobile phone, and about 700-800 capacitors are required for notebook and tablet computers, which contributes greatly to the miniaturization and lightweight of electronic devices.   From the perspective of the structure of ceramic chip capacitors, the main structure of plate ceramic chip capacitors is mainly divided into five parts: ceramic medium, internal electrodeposition, external electrode, nickel layer and tin layer. In terms of structure, this ceramic chip capacitor is a multi-layer stacked structure, achieving miniaturization and space saving, and realizing high-density assembly of circuit substrate.   So, what are the main product characteristics of ceramic chip capacitors?   Rated voltage: there is an upper limit to the voltage that can be applied to the capacitor. The maximum voltage available that can be stably applied to the capacitor is called the rated voltage. The rated voltage is usually expressed by DC voltage, and AC voltage products are also useful.   Leakage current / insulation resistance / insulation breakdown: Although the capacitor cuts off the direct current, it still produces very small leakage current. The value obtained by dividing the current through the capacitor by the voltage applied to the capacitor is called the insulation resistance value. Ceramic capacitors have high insulation resistance and leakage current will not be a problem in general applications. However, if the rated voltage is exceeded and the applied voltage is further increased, the insulation breakdown of the capacitor will eventually occur.   Impedance frequency characteristic: ceramic chip capacitor has the characteristic that the higher the frequency, the easier to pass. In an actual capacitor, the impedance value is infinitely close to zero with the increase of frequency, but in an actual capacitor, the impedance will rise with the increase of frequency. The results show that the impedance frequency characteristic of the signal is a V-shaped (or U-shaped) curve.  

local 2024-07-25 11:54:41 1

What is the maximum current that the inductor can pass

Inductors, also known as chokes, reactors, and dynamic reactors. It is an element that can convert electric energy into magnetic energy and store energy in the magnetic field. The structure is similar to the transformer and has the characteristics of DC and AC resistance. In electronic circuits, inductance mainly plays the role of filtering, current limiting, tuning, oscillation, interference suppression and magnetic field generation.   Inductance is an attribute of closed loop and a physical quantity. When the current passes through the coil, a magnetic field induction is formed in the coil, and the induced magnetic field will generate induced current to resist the current passing through the coil. It is a circuit parameter that describes the induced electromotive force effect in this coil or in another coil due to the change of coil current. Inductance is the general term of self inductance and mutual inductance. Devices that provide inductance are called inductors.   Then, what is the maximum current that the inductor can pass?   Strictly speaking, there is no special specification or unified answer standard for the problem of how much current an inductor can generally pass. Why do we say this? It is mainly because the inductance size of different types of inductors is different. Even for the same type of inductor products, there are differences in the current size of different core powder formulas, different winding methods, and different coil turns.   Take the Patch inductor as an example, most of the chip inductors have a relatively small current, which is below 1a. It is possible that the current of 2a and 3a is already a large current for the Patch inductor, while the current of the chip integrated inductors can even be more than 20A. This is only the current difference of the same type of inductance, let alone the current difference of different types of inductance.

local 2024-07-24 14:24:18 1

Supercapacitors are bringing new materials and may have far-reaching consequences in the future

    With the increasing demand for energy and the reduction of fossil fuels, it is of great importance to use renewable energy for power generation. Moreover, energy storage is as important as energy production for industrial progress and human well-being.   Supercapacitor is an attractive electrochemical energy storage system with the advantages of low price, relatively high energy density, high specific capacitance, high capacitance retention rate and renewability.   As an electrode material in various energy storage technologies, organic materials have received much attention in recent years. Conjugated polymers (pi-CPs) are attractive because of their many advantages, such as good conductivity, cost-effectiveness, light weight and environmental protection. Among them, using pi-CPs as the electrode material of multifunctional energy storage system can greatly promote the rapid development and innovation of electrode materials.   Chemical oxidation polymerization is a two-electron exchange technology that requires the use of oxidants to oxidize monomers. Electropolymerization is the most advantageous synthetic method after oxidative polymerization. Polymerization occurs at the working electrodes when an external voltage is applied. In most cases, these synthesizations are carried out in a glove-type operating box.   Super capacitor is generally referred to as double layer capacitance. Double layer capacitance is a kind of super capacitor and a new type of energy storage device.   The double layer capacitance is between the battery and the capacitance, and its enormous capacity can be fully used as a battery.   Double-layer capacitors are widely used. As the power balance power supply of the lifting unit, it can provide the power with extra large current. As a starting power supply for vehicles, the starting efficiency and reliability are higher than traditional batteries, which can completely or partially replace the traditional batteries. It can be used as traction energy for vehicles to produce electric vehicles, replace traditional internal combustion engines, and transform existing trolleys. Military use ensures the smooth start of tanks, armored vehicles and other combat vehicles (especially in the cold winter), as pulse energy for laser weapons. It can also be used to store energy for other electromechanical devices.

local 2024-07-23 11:49:03 1

What is a digital signal processor

local 2024-07-22 11:41:40 1

Exploration of Energy Storage Mechanism of Double Layer Capacitors

local 2024-07-20 11:30:45 0

Performance comparison between solid state capacitor and traditional aluminium electrolytic capacitor

local 2024-07-18 11:28:10 1

What is the principle and function of digital to analog converter

    Digital to analog converter is a kind of IC products. Digital to analog converter, also known as d/a converter, referred to as DAC, is a device that converts digital quantity into analog.   A converter is a device that converts one signal into another. Signal is the form or carrier of information. In automatic instrument equipment and automatic control system, one signal is often converted into another signal after comparison with standard quantity or reference quantity, so as to connect the two types of instruments. Therefore, the converter is often the intermediate link between two instruments (or devices).   The d/a converter is basically composed of four parts, namely, weight resistance network, operational amplifier, reference power supply and analog switch. Digital to analog converters are generally used in analog-to-digital converters. Analog-to-digital converters, namely a/d converters, referred to as ADC, are devices that convert continuous analog signals into discrete digital signals. The digital to analog converter uses each digit of the digital quantity stored in the digital register to control the analog electronic switch of the corresponding bit respectively, so that the current value proportional to its bit weight is generated on the bit weight network with the digit of 1, and then the current values are summed by the operational amplifier and converted into voltage values.   According to different bit weight networks, different types of DAC can be formed, such as weight resistance network DAC, R-2R inverted T-shaped resistance network DAC and single value current type network DAC. The conversion accuracy of the weight resistor network DAC depends on the reference voltage Vref, as well as the accuracy of the analog electronic switch, operational amplifier and each weight resistor value. Its disadvantage is that the resistance values of each weight resistor are different. When there are many bits, the resistance values are very different, which brings great difficulties to ensure the accuracy, especially for the production of integrated circuits. Therefore, this circuit is rarely used alone in integrated DAC.

local 2024-07-17 11:45:52 1

Exploring the Application Directions of Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs)

  In today's era of highly integrated and intelligent electronic information technology, Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs) stand as a pivotal technology in the field of digital circuit design. With their high flexibility, short design cycles, and cost-effectiveness, CPLDs are demonstrating vast application prospects across multiple domains. As semi-custom circuits, CPLDs combine the high density of Programmable Logic Arrays (PLAs) with the flexibility of Gate Arrays (GAs), enabling the customization and upgrading of logical functions through software programming without altering the hardware design, thereby significantly advancing the innovation and development of electronic products. This article delves into the key application directions of CPLDs.   Industrial Automation and Control Industrial automation serves as the core driving force behind modern manufacturing, and CPLDs play a pivotal role in industrial automation control systems due to their powerful logic processing capabilities and rapid response characteristics. For instance, in production lines, CPLDs are employed for sensor data acquisition and processing, generation and execution of logical control signals, and implementation of complex control algorithms. Furthermore, their programmability simplifies system upgrades and maintenance, reducing operational costs for enterprises.   Communications Equipment With the rapid development of 5G, Internet of Things (IoT), and other communication technologies, communication equipment demands increasingly high-speed data processing and complex logic control. CPLDs, with their high integration, low power consumption, and flexible configuration capabilities, find extensive applications in interface control, protocol conversion, and signal processing modules of communication equipment. Especially in scenarios requiring high-speed parallel processing and data path optimization, CPLDs significantly enhance the performance and efficiency of communication equipment.   Consumer Electronics The consumer electronics market evolves rapidly, with products being replaced at a breathtaking pace. This sector places immense demands on design flexibility and cost-effectiveness. CPLDs, with their programmability and rapid time-to-market capabilities, have become an indispensable part of the consumer electronics landscape. From smart home controllers, audio-video processing devices, to power management and user interface control in portable electronics, CPLDs contribute significantly. They empower designers to swiftly respond to market demands, facilitating rapid iteration and optimization of product functionalities.   Medical Devices Medical devices necessitate utmost system stability, reliability, and safety, while adhering to ever-evolving medical standards and regulations. CPLDs find applications in medical devices for precise control signal generation, data acquisition and analysis, and safety protection mechanisms. Their programmability enables medical devices to be tailored to individual patient needs, while their high reliability and low power consumption ensure stability and safety during prolonged operation.   Aerospace and Defense In aerospace and defense, equipment must meet stringent requirements for reliability, safety, and real-time performance. CPLDs, with their ability to operate stably in extreme environments and possess robust logic processing capabilities, are widely used in control systems, signal processing systems, and safety protection systems in these domains. For instance, in satellite communications, missile guidance, and aircraft attitude control, CPLDs play an irreplaceable role.   Conclusion In summary, Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs) showcase vast application prospects across industrial automation, communications equipment, consumer electronics, medical devices, and aerospace and defense, leveraging their unique advantages. As technology continues to advance and application scenarios expand, CPLDs will continue to propel the development of electronic information technology and facilitate industrial upgrading. In the future, with the deep integration of artificial intelligence, big data, and other technologies, CPLD applications will become even more intelligent, efficient, and contribute to a more convenient, secure, and intelligent lifestyle for humanity.  

local 2024-07-16 10:34:57 1

FPGA field programmable gate array: exploring its wide application scenarios

In the rapidly developing digital age, every leap of electronic technology has a profound impact on all walks of life. As an important technical achievement in the field of electronic design automation (EDA), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) has shown its unique application advantages in many fields with its high flexibility, configurability and powerful parallel processing capability, and has become a bridge connecting the software and hardware worlds. This paper will deeply discuss several core application scenarios of FPGA field programmable gate array, and show how it plays an irreplaceable role in modern science and technology society.   High-speed signal processing and communication In the communication field, FPGA is favored because it can quickly adapt to the ever-changing communication protocols and high-speed signal processing requirements. Whether it is signal processing, modulation and demodulation in wireless communication base stations or accelerated data packet processing in wired networks, FPGA can provide efficient solutions. Through custom logic circuit, FPGA can process large-scale data stream in real time, reduce delay, improve communication efficiency, and meet the strict requirements of new generation communication technologies such as 5G and 6G for high speed and low delay.   Image processing and video acceleration With the popularization of high-definition video, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and other technologies, image processing and video acceleration have become one of the important application fields of FPGA. FPGA can process each pixel in an image in parallel and realize complex image processing algorithms, such as image filtering, edge detection, image compression and decompression, which greatly improves the speed and quality of image processing. In the fields of security monitoring, medical image analysis, games and entertainment, the application of FPGA has greatly improved the user experience and system performance.   Artificial intelligence and machine learning acceleration In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technology has put forward higher requirements for computing resources. With its customization and high energy efficiency ratio, FPGA has become an ideal choice for accelerating AI algorithm. By optimizing the hardware architecture on FPGA, we can customize and accelerate specific AI models, such as convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) in deep learning, and realize efficient reasoning and training process. In the fields of automatic driving, intelligent security and intelligent manufacturing, FPGA provides strong hardware support for the wide application of AI technology.   Embedded System and Internet of Things In the field of embedded system and Internet of Things (IoT), the flexibility and configurability of FPGA make it easy to cope with diverse application scenarios. From intelligent control unit in smart home to real-time data processing in industrial control system, FPGA can provide efficient and reliable solutions. By integrating sensor interface, communication protocol stack and other modules, FPGA can build an embedded system with rich functions and rapid response, and promote the in-depth development of Internet of Things technology.   Financial transactions and high-frequency transactions In the financial field, especially in the high frequency trading (HFT) market, the application of FPGA is indispensable. High-frequency trading requires extremely high transaction speed and delay. With its hardware acceleration and low delay, FPGA can complete complex transaction logic processing in milliseconds or even microseconds, ensuring the rapid execution of trading instructions and timely response of the market. Therefore, in the financial transaction system, FPGA has become a key tool to improve transaction efficiency and competitiveness.   tag To sum up, FPGA field programmable gate array shows a wide application prospect in many fields with its unique advantages. From high-speed signal processing, image processing to artificial intelligence acceleration, to embedded systems and Internet of Things, financial transactions, etc., FPGA is gradually infiltrating into every corner of modern science and technology society and becoming an important force to promote scientific and technological progress and industrial upgrading. With the continuous progress of technology and the continuous expansion of application scenarios, we have reason to believe that FPGA will play a more important role in the future and open a new era of intelligence, efficiency and interconnection.

local 2024-07-15 11:49:54 1

What are the common types of inductors

    Inductors are components that can convert electrical energy into magnetic energy and store it. The structure of inductor is similar to that of transformer, but there is only one winding. The inductor has a certain inductance, which only blocks the change of current.   Inductance can be made of conductive material coiled around the magnetic core, typically copper wire, or the magnetic core can be removed or replaced with ferromagnetic material. The core material with higher permeability than air can restrict the magnetic field more closely around the inductive element, thus increasing the inductance. There are many kinds of inductors, most of which are made of the outer enamel coil surrounding the ferrite spool, while some protective inductors place the coil completely in the ferrite.   The cores of some inductive elements can be adjusted. Thus, the inductance can be changed. The small inductor can be directly etched on the PCB board with a method of laying spiral tracks. Small value inductors can also be used to make transistors. The same process is used in integrated circuits. In these applications, aluminum interconnects are often used as conductive materials.   No matter what method is used, based on the actual constraints, the most widely used is a circuit called "spinner", which uses a capacitor and an active element to show the same characteristics as the inductive element. Inductive elements used to isolate high frequencies are often composed of a metal wire passing through a magnetic column or bead.   There are many kinds of inductors with different shapes. The more common ones are: single-layer flat wound hollow core inductors, inter wound hollow core inductors, bodiless hollow core inductors, multi-layer hollow core inductors, honeycomb inductors, inductors with magnetic cores, magnetic can inductors, high-frequency choke coils, low-frequency choke coils, fixed inductors, etc.   The winding method of enameled wire of inductance coil on the skeleton can be divided into single-layer winding method and multi-layer winding method.   The first winding method: single layer winding method   Single layer inductance coil is widely used in today's circuit applications, and its inductance is usually only a few or dozens of micro Heng. The Q value of this kind of coil is generally high, and most of them are used in high-frequency circuits.   In the design of single-layer inductance coil, its circuit winding method usually adopts close winding method, intermediate winding method and tire free winding method. These three winding methods are also applicable to different circuit appliances.   The second winding method: multi-layer winding method   Single layer coil can only be used in occasions with small inductance, so when the inductance is greater than 300 μ H, multilayer coils should be used.   The multi-layer winding method can be divided into two types: multi-layer dense winding method and honeycomb winding method: if the coil is wound, its plane is not parallel to the rotating surface, but intersects into a certain angle, this kind of coil is called honeycomb coil. The number of times the wire bends back and forth when it rotates for one cycle is often called the number of turns. The advantages of honeycomb winding method are small volume, small distributed capacitance and large inductance.

local 2024-07-13 11:19:52 0