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Integrated Circuit: The Core of Modern Electronic Technology, What Devices Are Integrated?

Integrated Circuit: The Core of Modern Electronic Technology, What Devices Are Integrated? With the rapid development of technology, Integrated Circuit (IC) has become an indispensable part of modern electronic technology. It greatly promotes the miniaturization, intelligence, and efficiency of electronic devices with its high-speed and highly integrated characteristics. So, what are the main components integrated into integrated circuits? This article will provide you with a detailed analysis. 1、 Transistors: The cornerstone of integrated circuits Transistors are one of the most basic components in integrated circuits and are known as the "cornerstone" of integrated circuits. Transistors have the functions of amplifying, switching, and controlling the flow of electrical signals, and are the basic units that make up various electronic circuits. In integrated circuits, the number of transistors often reaches thousands or even more, forming various complex circuits in different connection methods to achieve various specific functions. There are various types of transistors, including bipolar transistors and field-effect transistors. Among them, bipolar transistors were the earliest transistors used in integrated circuits, with a simple structure but high power consumption; Field effect transistors, on the other hand, have the advantages of low power consumption, high speed, and are therefore widely used in modern integrated circuits. 2、 Capacitors and resistors: the "blood" and "bone" of integrated circuits Capacitors and resistors are two basic electronic components in integrated circuits, which respectively bear the functions of storing charges and limiting current flow. In integrated circuits, the number of capacitors and resistors is also very large, and together with transistors, they constitute the basic circuit structure of integrated circuits. A capacitor is a device that can store charges, and it can play a role in filtering, coupling, and isolation in circuits. In integrated circuits, capacitors typically use metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) or metal insulation metal (MIM) structures to achieve high integration and performance. A resistor is a device that can limit the flow of current, playing a role in voltage division, current limiting, impedance matching, and other functions in a circuit. In integrated circuits, resistors are typically constructed in the form of thin film resistors or thick film resistors to achieve high precision and reliability. 3、 Inductors and other auxiliary devices: the "nerves" and "muscles" of integrated circuits In addition to transistors, capacitors, and resistors, integrated circuits also integrate auxiliary devices such as inductors, oscillators, sensors, and timers. These devices play different roles in integrated circuits, jointly realizing various functions of integrated circuits. An inductor is a device that stores electrical energy and has the ability to resist current fluctuations and overcurrent. In integrated circuits, inductors are commonly used for filtering, impedance matching, and other applications. In addition, inductors can also be combined with other components to form complex circuit structures such as resonant circuits and transformers. An oscillator is a device that can generate periodic signals and is commonly used in integrated circuits for clock signal generation and synchronization. There are various types of oscillators, including crystal oscillators, RC oscillators, etc. Sensors are devices that can perceive external environmental information and convert it into electrical signals. In integrated circuits, sensors can be used for detecting and controlling environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and lighting. A timer is a device that can execute specific operations at a fixed time and is commonly used in integrated circuits for time delay, counting, and other applications. In short, integrated circuits, as an important component of modern electronic technology, integrate a large number of electronic components, including transistors, capacitors, resistors, inductors, and other auxiliary devices. These components play their respective roles in integrated circuits, working together to achieve various functions of integrated circuits. With the continuous progress and development of technology, the integration and performance of integrated circuits will continue to improve, providing a more solid foundation for the miniaturization, intelligence, and efficiency of electronic devices.

Magnetic sensors as the main application areas of electronic components

Magnetic sensors, an electronic component that can measure magnetic fields and convert them into electrical signals, have been widely used in multiple fields. Its working principle mainly relies on the influence of magnetic field on magnetic materials, in order to detect changes in magnetic field. This type of sensor has characteristics such as high sensitivity, temperature stability, and anti-interference, making it excellent in various environments and applications. Next, we will explore in detail the main application areas of magnetic sensors. 1、 The automotive industry Magnetic sensors play a crucial role in the automotive industry. They are widely used for detecting parameters such as vehicle speed, inclination, angle, distance, approach, position, etc., providing strong guarantees for the stability and safety of vehicles. For example, in vehicle speed measurement, magnetic sensors can accurately detect the speed of the wheels, thereby helping the driver better control the vehicle. In addition, magnetic sensors also play an important role in electronic navigation, anti lock detection, parking positioning, and other aspects, improving driving convenience and safety. 2、 Industrial applications In the industrial field, magnetic sensors are also widely used. Current sensors are one of the most popular types, which can be used to detect changes in current and monitor and protect power equipment. In addition, magnetic sensors can also be applied in scenarios such as position detection and liquid level measurement, providing strong support for industrial automation and intelligent manufacturing. 3、 Consumer electronics In the field of consumer electronics, the application of magnetic sensors is also increasing. For example, in devices such as mobile phones and laptops, magnetic sensors can achieve automatic screen rotation, electronic compasses, and other functions, improving the user experience. Meanwhile, with the rapid development of emerging markets such as smart homes and wearable devices, the application of magnetic sensors will become more widespread. 4、 Medical applications In the medical field, magnetic sensors also play an important role. For example, in medical devices, magnetic sensors can be used to detect the movement status and position of equipment, ensuring the accuracy and safety of surgery. In addition, magnetic sensors can also be used to monitor the physiological parameters of patients, such as heart rate, respiration, etc., providing strong basis for diagnosis and treatment by doctors. Magnetic sensors also play a crucial role in the motor control of medical equipment, ensuring precise control in devices such as ventilators and infusion pumps. 5、 Security field In the field of security, the application of magnetic sensors cannot be ignored. They can be used to detect the opening and closing status of doors and windows, thereby achieving safety monitoring of homes, offices, and other places. When doors and windows are illegally pried open or damaged, magnetic sensors will quickly sense changes in the magnetic field and trigger an alarm, effectively ensuring people's personal and property safety. 6、 Aerospace In the aerospace field, magnetic sensors also have important application value. Due to the need for precise control of various parameters, such as heading, attitude, etc., during the flight of aerospace vehicles, magnetic sensors play a crucial role in these aspects. They can monitor the magnetic field changes of the aircraft in real time, provide accurate data support for the flight control system, and ensure flight safety. In summary, magnetic sensors have been widely used as electronic components in various fields. With the continuous progress of technology and the continuous growth of market demand, the performance of magnetic sensors will be further improved, and the application fields will also be further expanded. In the future, we can expect magnetic sensors to play an important role in more fields, bringing more convenience and safety to people's lives and work.

What device is EEPROM?

EEPROM is a live erasable programmable read-only memory. It is a memory chip with no data loss after power failure. EEPROM can erase existing information and reprogram it on a computer or on a dedicated device. Usually used for Plug and Play.   EEPROM (charged erasable programmable read-only memory) is a user-modifiable read-only memory (ROM), which can be erased and reprogrammed (rewritten) by higher than normal voltage. Unlike EPROM chips, EEPROM can be modified without having to be removed from the computer. In an EEPROM, the life of the EEPROM is an important design consideration because the computer can be programmed repeatedly when it is in use. EEPROM is a special form of flash memory that is typically used to erase and reprogram voltage from a personal computer   The writing process of EEPROM takes advantage of the tunnel effect that electrons with less energy than the energy barrier can cross the barrier to the other side. Quantum mechanics assumes that electrons fluctuate when the physical size is equal to the free path of the electron, which means that the object is small enough.   As far as the P n junction is concerned, when the impurity concentration of P and N reaches a certain level and the space charge is very small, the electrons will migrate due to the tunnel effect guide band. The range in which the energy of an electron is at an allowable level is called a band, the lower band is called a valence band, and the higher band is called a conduction band. When an electron reaches a higher conduction band, it can move freely between atoms, which is the current.   Due to the inconvenience of EPROM operation, the BIOS ROM chips on the motherboard are mostly EEPROM (Electrical Erasable Programmable ROM).   EEPROM erase does not need to use other devices, it uses electronic signals to modify its contents, and uses Byte as the smallest unit of modification, so it can write without washing out all the data, completely breaking away from the constraints of EPROM Eraser and the programmer.

Let me show you the internal structure of mainstream resistors, which many people don't know

Resistors are generally directly called resistors in daily life. It is a current limiting element. After connecting the resistor in the circuit, the resistance value of the resistor is fixed, usually two pins, which can limit the current through the branch connected to it.   Those whose resistance cannot be changed are called fixed resistors. Those with variable resistance are called potentiometers or variable resistors. The ideal resistor is linear, that is, the instantaneous current passing through the resistor is proportional to the applied instantaneous voltage. Variable resistor for voltage division. On the exposed resistor, one or two movable metal contacts are pressed tightly. The contact position determines the resistance between either end of the resistor and the contact.   According to the classification of materials, resistors can be basically divided into five types of resistors, including wire wound resistors, carbon synthetic resistors, carbon film resistors, metal film resistors and metal oxide film resistors. I will show you the internal structure of mainstream resistors through five kinds of resistors.   Wire wound resistors are made by winding resistance wires. Resistors are made by winding high resistance alloy wires on the insulation skeleton, and are coated with heat-resistant glaze insulation layer or insulating paint. Winding resistance has low temperature coefficient, high resistance accuracy, good stability, heat resistance and corrosion resistance. It is mainly used as precision high-power resistance. Its disadvantages are poor high-frequency performance and large time constant.   First of all, the wire wound resistor is to wind the nickel chromium alloy wire on the alumina ceramic substrate, and control the resistance circle by circle. The winding resistance can be made into a precision resistance with a tolerance of 0.005%. At the same time, the temperature coefficient is very low. The disadvantage is that the parasitic inductance of the winding resistance is relatively large and cannot be used in high frequency. The volume of the wound resistor can be made very large, and then add an external radiator, which can be used as a high-power resistor.   Secondly, the carbon synthetic resistor is made of carbon and synthetic plastic. The concentration of carbon powder determines the resistance value. Tin plated copper leads are added at both ends, and finally packaged.   The carbon film resistor is made by plating a layer of carbon on the ceramic tube and depositing the crystalline carbon on the ceramic rod skeleton. Carbon film resistor is the most widely used resistor at present because of its low cost, stable performance, wide resistance range and low temperature coefficient and voltage coefficient.   In order to control the resistance more accurately, spiral grooves can be machined on the carbon film. The more spirals, the greater the resistance; Finally, metal leads are added, and resin packaging is formed. The process of carbon film resistor is a little more complicated, and it can be used as a precision resistor. However, due to the carbon quality, the temperature characteristic is still not very good.   The metal film resistor is formed by coating a layer of metal on the ceramic tube, and the alloy material is evaporated on the surface of the ceramic rod skeleton by vacuum evaporation. Compared with carbon film resistance, metal film resistance has higher accuracy, better stability, lower noise and temperature coefficient. It is widely used in instruments and communication equipment.   Finally, the metal oxide film resistor is formed by plating a layer of tin oxide on the porcelain tube and depositing a layer of metal oxide on the insulating rod. Because it is an oxide itself, it is stable at high temperature, resistant to heat shock, and has strong load capacity. According to its purpose, it has general purpose, precision, high frequency, high voltage, high resistance, high power and resistance network.